"tūnijan" meaning in All languages combined

See tūnijan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: From *tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{affix|gmw-pro|*tūn|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=a fence}} *tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *tūnijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], tūnijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], tūnijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], tūnijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], tūnijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], tūniju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], tūnidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], tūnisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], tūnidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], tūnidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], tūniþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], tūnidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], tūnidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], tūnijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], tūnidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], tūniþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], tūnidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], tūnijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], tūnidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], tūnijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], tūnidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], tūnijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], tūnidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], tūnijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], tūnidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], tūnijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], tūnidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], tūnijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], tūnidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], tūnijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], tūnidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], tūni [class-1, present, singular, weak], tūniþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], tūnijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], tūnid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to enclose, put a fence around Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-tūnijan-gmw-pro-verb-VuBuSJ4B Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative), Undetermined quotations with omitted translation

Download JSON data for tūnijan meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "tȳnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: tȳnan\nMiddle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen\nEnglish: tine, teen\nYola: tine, theene",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: tȳnan\nMiddle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen\nEnglish: tine, teen\nYola: tine, theene"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "tēna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: tēna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: tēna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*tūnian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *tūnian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *tūnian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "tûnen",
            "3": "tü̂nen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*tūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *tūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *tūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: tunen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "tuinen",
            "3": "tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: tuinen, tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: tuinen, tunen (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "zūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: zūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: zūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ziunen",
            "3": "zūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "zäunen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: zäunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: zäunen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*tūn",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "a fence"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūnijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tūnijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to enclose, put a fence around"
      ],
      "id": "en-tūnijan-gmw-pro-verb-VuBuSJ4B",
      "links": [
        [
          "enclose",
          "enclose"
        ],
        [
          "fence",
          "fence"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tūnijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "tȳnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: tȳnan\nMiddle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen\nEnglish: tine, teen\nYola: tine, theene",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: tȳnan\nMiddle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen\nEnglish: tine, teen\nYola: tine, theene"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "tēna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: tēna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: tēna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*tūnian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *tūnian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *tūnian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "tûnen",
            "3": "tü̂nen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*tūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *tūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *tūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: tunen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "tuinen",
            "3": "tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: tuinen, tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: tuinen, tunen (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "zūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: zūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: zūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ziunen",
            "3": "zūnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "zäunen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: zäunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: zäunen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*tūn",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "a fence"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *tūn (“a fence”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tūnid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūnijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tūnijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to enclose, put a fence around"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enclose",
          "enclose"
        ],
        [
          "fence",
          "fence"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tūnijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.